April showers bring May flowers, but they also bring allergies! If you’re concerned your child may have allergies read on for some information to help wrap your mind around what that might mean.

What is an allergy?
Allergic rhinitis is the medical term for what most people know as allergies or hay fever. Allergies happen when your body overacts to things (called allergens) that don’t cause problems for most people. When your body is exposed to an allergen your body releases a chemical called histamine as a defense against the allergen. The release of histamine causes your symptoms.
The 2 forms of allergic rhinitis:
- Seasonal (hay fever):
- Allergies that occur in the spring (late April and May) are often due to tree pollen.
- Allergies that occur in the summer (late May to mid-July) are often due to grass and weed pollen.
- Allergies that occur in the fall (late August to the first frost) are often due to ragweed.
- Pollen allergies tend to be worse on hot, dry days and less bad on rainy days.
- Perennial: Caused by other allergens such as dust mites, pet hair/dander or mold. These symptoms occur year round.
- Mold is common where water tends to collect, such as shower curtains and damp basements. It can also be found in rotting logs, hay, and mulch. This allergy is usually worse during humid and rainy weather.
- Animal dander. The skin, saliva, and urine of furry pets such as cats and dogs are allergens. You can be exposed to dander when handling an animal or from house dust that contains dander.
- Many allergens, including dust mites, are in dust. Dust mites are tiny living creatures found in bedding, mattresses, carpeting, and upholstered furniture. They live on dead skin cells and other things found in house dust.
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis:
- Sneezing.
- Coughing.
- Itching (mostly eyes, nose, mouth, throat and skin).
- Runny nose.
- Stuffy nose.
- Headache.
- Pressure in the nose and cheeks.
- Ear fullness and popping.
- Sore throat.
- Watery, red, or swollen eyes.
- Dark circles under your eyes.
- Trouble smelling.
- Hives.
Whats the difference between Allergies and Cold/Flu?
- Allergies can last for several weeks and often can last longer than a cold or flu.
- Allergies do not cause a fever.
- Nasal discharge from allergies is thin watery and clear. Nasal discharge from a cold or flu tends to be thicker.
- Itching is common with allergies but not with a cold or the flu.
- Sneezing is more common with allergies and the cold or flu.
Can allergies be prevented or avoided?
Allergies cannot be prevented but your symptoms can sometimes be eased by the following:
- Keeping windows closed. This is especially important during high-pollen seasons.
- Washing your hands after petting animals.
- Using dust- and mite-proof bedding and mattress covers.
- Wearing glasses outside to protect your eyes.
- Showering before bed to wash off allergens from hair and skin.
Allergy Treatments
Several medicines can be used to treat allergies. Your doctor will help you determine what medicine is best for you depending on your symptoms, age and overall health. Types of medicine available:
- Antihistamines help reduce the sneezing, runny nose, and itchiness of allergies. These come in pill form and as nasal sprays. Many are available over the counter. Some require a prescription.
- Decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, temporarily relieve the stuffy nose of allergies. Decongestants are found in many medicines and come as pills, nose sprays, and nose drops. They are best used only for a short time. Nose sprays and drops shouldn’t be used for more than 3 days because you can become dependent on them. This causes you to feel even more stopped-up when you try to quit using them. You can buy decongestants without a doctor’s prescription. However, decongestants can raise your blood pressure so its best to discuss with your provider prior to use.
- Leukotriene inhibitors are prescription pills that help block leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are another class of chemicals that the body releases when exposed to allergens.
- Cromolyn sodium is a nasal spray that helps prevent the body’s reaction to allergens. This medicine may take 2 to 4 weeks to start working. It is available without a prescription.
- Nasal steroid sprays reduce the reaction of the nasal tissues to inhaled allergens. This helps relieve the swelling in your nose so that you feel less stopped-up. They are the most effective at treating patients who have chronic symptoms. Many nasal steroids are now available without a prescription. You won’t notice their benefits for up to 2 weeks after starting them.
- Eye drops. If your other medicines are not helping enough with your itchy, watery eyes, your doctor may prescribe eye drops for you. Some are available over the counter.
- Allergy shots or sublingual tablets (also called immunotherapy) are an option for people who try other treatments but still have allergy symptoms. These shots or dissolvable tablets contain a very small amount of the allergen you are allergic to. They’re given on a regular schedule so that your body gets used to the allergens. This helps decrease your body’s sensitivity to the allergens. Over time, your allergy symptoms will become less severe.
If you think your child has allergies, please call our office to schedule a same day visit or discuss your concerns with your pediatrician at your child’s next well visit.